Genesis 36King James Version
The descendants of Esau, who is also Edom. A genealogy of his sons, his wives, and the chiefs and kings who came from him. Mostly a list. It exists to show that Esau also became a great nation, just as God had promised, and that the line of Israel and the line of Edom diverge from here.
A genealogy of Esau and his descendants, the Edomites, who settled in the hill country of Seir. The chapter lists Esau's wives and sons, the clans descended from Esau's sons, the kings of Edom before any king reigned in Israel, and the chiefs of Edom. It is dense and unfamiliar, but it is the counterpart to Jacob's list: the brother who did not receive the promise also has a full history.
Esau's descendants fill a chapter that could have been one sentence, because the God of Abraham keeps promises to all of Abraham's seed, not only the chosen line.
31: "And these are the kings that reigned in the land of Edom, before there reigned any king over the children of Israel." A parenthetical note that reads like a correction: Edom had kings before Israel did. The author knew it was anomalous.
Edom controlled the southern trade routes through the Negev and the Arabah, the desert rift valley east of the Dead Sea. The region is rugged red sandstone mountains, which connects to Esau's physical description as red and hairy. Petra, the famous city carved into rose-red rock, is in Edomite territory. These descendants of Esau would be Israel's neighbors and rivals for centuries.
Esau, father of Edom; his wives and sons who become clans; eight kings of Edom named in sequence; chiefs of Esau's descendants.
Edom and Israel share a father in Jacob/Esau and a grandfather in Isaac. Their relationship in later biblical history is contentious and bloody. This genealogy establishes Edom's legitimacy and scope before the Joseph story begins. The Edomites refused passage to Israel in the wilderness, and the prophets repeatedly address and judge Edom as a near-relation who should have known better.
For when you want to skip the lists. This one is worth pausing on: every name here is a person Esau knew and loved. The chapter is a monument to the other branch of the family, the one that did not carry the covenant but carried on.
1Now these are the generations of Esau, who is Edom.
2Esau took his wives of the daughters of Canaan; Adah the daughter of Elon the Hittite, and Aholibamah the daughter of Anah the daughter of Zibeon the Hivite;
3And Bashemath Ishmael's daughter, sister of Nebajoth.
4And Adah bare to Esau Eliphaz; and Bashemath bare Reuel;
5And Aholibamah bare Jeush, and Jaalam, and Korah: these are the sons of Esau, which were born unto him in the land of Canaan.
6And Esau took his wives, and his sons, and his daughters, and all the persons of his house, and his cattle, and all his beasts, and all his substance, which he had got in the land of Canaan; and went into the country from the face of his brother Jacob.
7For their riches were more than that they might dwell together; and the land wherein they were strangers could not bear them because of their cattle.
8Thus dwelt Esau in mount Seir: Esau is Edom.
9And these are the generations of Esau the father of the Edomites in mount Seir:
10These are the names of Esau's sons; Eliphaz the son of Adah the wife of Esau, Reuel the son of Bashemath the wife of Esau.
11And the sons of Eliphaz were Teman, Omar, Zepho, and Gatam, and Kenaz.
12And Timna was concubine to Eliphaz Esau's son; and she bare to Eliphaz Amalek: these were the sons of Adah Esau's wife.
13And these are the sons of Reuel; Nahath, and Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah: these were the sons of Bashemath Esau's wife.
14And these were the sons of Aholibamah, the daughter of Anah the daughter of Zibeon, Esau's wife: and she bare to Esau Jeush, and Jaalam, and Korah.
15These were dukes of the sons of Esau: the sons of Eliphaz the firstborn son of Esau; duke Teman, duke Omar, duke Zepho, duke Kenaz,
16Duke Korah, duke Gatam, and duke Amalek: these are the dukes that came of Eliphaz in the land of Edom; these were the sons of Adah.
17And these are the sons of Reuel Esau's son; duke Nahath, duke Zerah, duke Shammah, duke Mizzah: these are the dukes that came of Reuel in the land of Edom; these are the sons of Bashemath Esau's wife.
18And these are the sons of Aholibamah Esau's wife; duke Jeush, duke Jaalam, duke Korah: these were the dukes that came of Aholibamah the daughter of Anah, Esau's wife.
19These are the sons of Esau, who is Edom, and these are their dukes.
20These are the sons of Seir the Horite, who inhabited the land; Lotan, and Shobal, and Zibeon, and Anah,
21And Dishon, and Ezer, and Dishan: these are the dukes of the Horites, the children of Seir in the land of Edom.
22And the children of Lotan were Hori and Hemam; and Lotan's sister was Timna.
23And the children of Shobal were these; Alvan, and Manahath, and Ebal, Shepho, and Onam.
24And these are the children of Zibeon; both Ajah, and Anah: this was that Anah that found the mules in the wilderness, as he fed the asses of Zibeon his father.
25And the children of Anah were these; Dishon, and Aholibamah the daughter of Anah.
26And these are the children of Dishon; Hemdan, and Eshban, and Ithran, and Cheran.
27The children of Ezer are these; Bilhan, and Zaavan, and Akan.
28The children of Dishan are these; Uz, and Aran.
29These are the dukes that came of the Horites; duke Lotan, duke Shobal, duke Zibeon, duke Anah,
30Duke Dishon, duke Ezer, duke Dishan: these are the dukes that came of Hori, among their dukes in the land of Seir.
31And these are the kings that reigned in the land of Edom, before there reigned any king over the children of Israel.
32And Bela the son of Beor reigned in Edom: and the name of his city was Dinhabah.
33And Bela died, and Jobab the son of Zerah of Bozrah reigned in his stead.
34And Jobab died, and Husham of the land of Temani reigned in his stead.
35And Husham died, and Hadad the son of Bedad, who smote Midian in the field of Moab, reigned in his stead: and the name of his city was Avith.
36And Hadad died, and Samlah of Masrekah reigned in his stead.
37And Samlah died, and Saul of Rehoboth by the river reigned in his stead.
38And Saul died, and Baalhanan the son of Achbor reigned in his stead.
39And Baalhanan the son of Achbor died, and Hadar reigned in his stead: and the name of his city was Pau; and his wife's name was Mehetabel, the daughter of Matred, the daughter of Mezahab.
40And these are the names of the dukes that came of Esau, according to their families, after their places, by their names; duke Timnah, duke Alvah, duke Jetheth,
41Duke Aholibamah, duke Elah, duke Pinon,
42Duke Kenaz, duke Teman, duke Mibzar,
43Duke Magdiel, duke Iram: these be the dukes of Edom, according to their habitations in the land of their possession: he is Esau the father of the Edomites.