Judges 13King James Version
An angel appears to a barren woman and tells her she will bear a son. She must drink no wine and eat no unclean thing, and no razor shall come upon the child's head, for he shall be a Nazirite from the womb. She tells her husband Manoah. They offer a sacrifice. The angel ascends in the flame. Her son is Samson.
Israel sins again and the Philistines oppress them forty years. An angel appears to the barren wife of Manoah and announces she will conceive a son who must be kept as a Nazirite from birth. She tells her husband, who prays for the angel's return. The angel comes again, and the couple asks his name; he says it is wonderful. Manoah offers a sacrifice; the angel ascends in the flame. They realize they have seen God. The child is born: Samson. The Spirit of God begins to stir him.
The longest judge narrative in the book begins not with Samson's strength but with his mother's faithfulness and a divine name too wonderful to speak.
18: "And the angel of the LORD said unto him, Why askest thou thus after my name, seeing it is secret?" Or: wonderful, depending on the translation. Either word turns the question back without answering it.
Around 1100 BC, Philistine hegemony is forty years old. Israel is not in a cave this time, not crying out at a crisis point, just living under domination so normalized it barely registers. The birth happens in Zorah, in the hill country above the Philistine coastal plain. Samson will spend his entire life in the border zone between Israel and Philistia.
Manoah's wife, twice visited by the angel, practical and perceptive; Manoah, earnest and afraid after the angel departs; the angel of the LORD, who refuses to be named and ascends in fire; Samson, born at the end of the chapter, already stirred by the Spirit.
The birth announcement pattern here echoes Isaac, Jacob, and later John the Baptist, a literary signal that this child's life will be structured by divine purpose. Yet the Nazirite conditions laid out here (no wine, no unclean food, no razor) will all be violated within four chapters. The setup makes the violation all the more pointed.
Manoah's wife tells her husband what she has seen twice before he believes it worth praying about. When he finally meets the angel himself, he panics at the departure and expects to die. She is the calm one throughout. The woman who was told her son will save Israel is less frightened than her husband by the one who told her.
1And the children of Israel did evil again in the sight of the LORD; and the LORD delivered them into the hand of the Philistines forty years.
2And there was a certain man of Zorah, of the family of the Danites, whose name was Manoah; and his wife was barren, and bare not.
3And the angel of the LORD appeared unto the woman, and said unto her, Behold now, thou art barren, and bearest not: but thou shalt conceive, and bear a son.
4Now therefore beware, I pray thee, and drink not wine nor strong drink, and eat not any unclean thing:
5For, lo, thou shalt conceive, and bear a son; and no razor shall come on his head: for the child shall be a Nazarite unto God from the womb: and he shall begin to deliver Israel out of the hand of the Philistines.
6Then the woman came and told her husband, saying, A man of God came unto me, and his countenance was like the countenance of an angel of God, very terrible: but I asked him not whence he was, neither told he me his name:
7But he said unto me, Behold, thou shalt conceive, and bear a son; and now drink no wine nor strong drink, neither eat any unclean thing: for the child shall be a Nazarite to God from the womb to the day of his death.
8Then Manoah intreated the LORD, and said, O my Lord, let the man of God which thou didst send come again unto us, and teach us what we shall do unto the child that shall be born.
9And God hearkened to the voice of Manoah; and the angel of God came again unto the woman as she sat in the field: but Manoah her husband was not with her.
10And the woman made haste, and ran, and shewed her husband, and said unto him, Behold, the man hath appeared unto me, that came unto me the other day.
11And Manoah arose, and went after his wife, and came to the man, and said unto him, Art thou the man that spakest unto the woman? And he said, I am.
12And Manoah said, Now let thy words come to pass. How shall we order the child, and how shall we do unto him?
13And the angel of the LORD said unto Manoah, Of all that I said unto the woman let her beware.
14She may not eat of any thing that cometh of the vine, neither let her drink wine or strong drink, nor eat any unclean thing: all that I commanded her let her observe.
15And Manoah said unto the angel of the LORD, I pray thee, let us detain thee, until we shall have made ready a kid for thee.
16And the angel of the LORD said unto Manoah, Though thou detain me, I will not eat of thy bread: and if thou wilt offer a burnt offering, thou must offer it unto the LORD. For Manoah knew not that he was an angel of the LORD.
17And Manoah said unto the angel of the LORD, What is thy name, that when thy sayings come to pass we may do thee honour?
18And the angel of the LORD said unto him, Why askest thou thus after my name, seeing it is secret?
19So Manoah took a kid with a meat offering, and offered it upon a rock unto the LORD: and the angel did wondrously; and Manoah and his wife looked on.
20For it came to pass, when the flame went up toward heaven from off the altar, that the angel of the LORD ascended in the flame of the altar. And Manoah and his wife looked on it, and fell on their faces to the ground.
21But the angel of the LORD did no more appear to Manoah and to his wife. Then Manoah knew that he was an angel of the LORD.
22And Manoah said unto his wife, We shall surely die, because we have seen God.
23But his wife said unto him, If the LORD were pleased to kill us, he would not have received a burnt offering and a meat offering at our hands, neither would he have shewed us all these things, nor would as at this time have told us such things as these.
24And the woman bare a son, and called his name Samson: and the child grew, and the LORD blessed him.
25And the Spirit of the LORD began to move him at times in the camp of Dan between Zorah and Eshtaol.