Deuteronomy 27King James Version
When you cross the Jordan, set up large stones on Mount Ebal and write the law on them. Half the tribes will stand on Mount Gerizim to bless and half on Mount Ebal to curse. The Levites will recite the curses one by one. The people will answer: Amen.
Moses and the elders command Israel to set up large plastered stones on Mount Ebal upon entering Canaan and write the law on them. An altar of uncut stones is to be built there for burnt offerings and peace offerings. The Levites are then to declare twelve curses, each one covering a specific category of sin done in secret, and all the people respond Amen. The ceremony divides the tribes between Gerizim for blessing and Ebal for curses.
The covenant's terms are to be carved in stone and shouted from mountains so that there is no claim later that Israel did not know what they were agreeing to.
26: "Cursed be he that confirmeth not all the words of this law to do them. And all the people shall say, Amen." Every covenant ratification ends here: the whole community agrees to be bound by what they have just heard.
The plains of Moab, 1406 BC. Moses is describing a ceremony that will take place in the valley between two mountains in central Canaan. Gerizim is lush; Ebal is bare. The staging is not accidental. The tribes will stand on those hills and the sound of the Amen will carry across the valley.
Moses and the elders, commanding. The Levites, who speak the curses aloud. The tribes divided between the two mountains: Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Joseph, and Benjamin on Gerizim; Reuben, Gad, Asher, Zebulun, Dan, and Naphtali on Ebal.
The Ebal and Gerizim ceremony is later performed by Joshua in chapter 8 of his book. The twelve curses cover sins that could never be prosecuted in a court because they are done in secret: dishonoring parents, moving boundary stones, leading the blind astray, perverting justice for the vulnerable. The list targets the hidden life.
For when you are doing something in secret that you would not do in public. The twelve curses are not designed to shame but to remind: hidden actions still have weight, still have consequences, still matter to someone.
1And Moses with the elders of Israel commanded the people, saying, Keep all the commandments which I command you this day.
2And it shall be on the day when ye shall pass over Jordan unto the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee, that thou shalt set thee up great stones, and plaister them with plaister:
3And thou shalt write upon them all the words of this law, when thou art passed over, that thou mayest go in unto the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee, a land that floweth with milk and honey; as the LORD God of thy fathers hath promised thee.
4Therefore it shall be when ye be gone over Jordan, that ye shall set up these stones, which I command you this day, in mount Ebal, and thou shalt plaister them with plaister.
5And there shalt thou build an altar unto the LORD thy God, an altar of stones: thou shalt not lift up any iron tool upon them.
6Thou shalt build the altar of the LORD thy God of whole stones: and thou shalt offer burnt offerings thereon unto the LORD thy God:
7And thou shalt offer peace offerings, and shalt eat there, and rejoice before the LORD thy God.
8And thou shalt write upon the stones all the words of this law very plainly.
9And Moses and the priests the Levites spake unto all Israel, saying, Take heed, and hearken, O Israel; this day thou art become the people of the LORD thy God.
10Thou shalt therefore obey the voice of the LORD thy God, and do his commandments and his statutes, which I command thee this day.
11And Moses charged the people the same day, saying,
12These shall stand upon mount Gerizim to bless the people, when ye are come over Jordan; Simeon, and Levi, and Judah, and Issachar, and Joseph, and Benjamin:
13And these shall stand upon mount Ebal to curse; Reuben, Gad, and Asher, and Zebulun, Dan, and Naphtali.
14And the Levites shall speak, and say unto all the men of Israel with a loud voice,
15Cursed be the man that maketh any graven or molten image, an abomination unto the LORD, the work of the hands of the craftsman, and putteth it in a secret place. And all the people shall answer and say, Amen.
16Cursed be he that setteth light by his father or his mother. And all the people shall say, Amen.
17Cursed be he that removeth his neighbour's landmark. And all the people shall say, Amen.
18Cursed be he that maketh the blind to wander out of the way. And all the people shall say, Amen.
19Cursed be he that perverteth the judgment of the stranger, fatherless, and widow. And all the people shall say, Amen.
20Cursed be he that lieth with his father's wife; because he uncovereth his father's skirt. And all the people shall say, Amen.
21Cursed be he that lieth with any manner of beast. And all the people shall say, Amen.
22Cursed be he that lieth with his sister, the daughter of his father, or the daughter of his mother. And all the people shall say, Amen.
23Cursed be he that lieth with his mother in law. And all the people shall say, Amen.
24Cursed be he that smiteth his neighbour secretly. And all the people shall say, Amen.
25Cursed be he that taketh reward to slay an innocent person. And all the people shall say, Amen.
26Cursed be he that confirmeth not all the words of this law to do them. And all the people shall say, Amen.