Acts 22King James Version
Paul, in chains, gives his defense in Hebrew on the steps of the barracks. He tells the story of his Damascus road conversion. The crowd listens until he says God sent him to the Gentiles. They cry, Away with such a fellow from the earth. He is taken into the castle. They are about to scourge him when he says, Is it lawful for you to scourge a man that is a Roman, and uncondemned? They are afraid.
Paul addresses the crowd in Aramaic from the fortress steps. He narrates his life: his training under Gamaliel, his persecution of Christians, his Damascus road experience, and his commission to the Gentiles. The crowd listens until he says the word Gentiles, then erupts. The Roman commander orders Paul flogged for questioning, but Paul invokes his Roman citizenship and the flogging stops. The commander brings Paul before the Sanhedrin the next day.
Paul's autobiography is not a defense of his character but a defense of his commission, and the audience tolerates his past but not his present mission to include Gentiles.
21: "And he said unto me, Depart: for I will send thee far hence unto the Gentiles." The word that ends the speech and starts the riot: Gentiles.
The staircase of the Antonia Fortress gave a speaker a platform above the courtyard. Paul had to gesture for silence before the crowd would listen. Speaking in the Aramaic dialect rather than Greek was a calculated choice: it signaled he was one of them. The crowd heard a Pharisaically trained Jew describe his encounter with the risen Jesus and was arrested by it, until he mentioned Gentiles. Then they threw dust in the air and called for his death.
Paul, speaking in Aramaic; the crowd that listens until Gentiles; the Roman commander, navigating a riot he does not understand; Ananias the high priest, waiting in the council chamber.
This is the second account of Paul's conversion in Acts, told now in the first person to a hostile Jewish audience. The differences from chapter 9 are deliberately shaped for the audience. Paul establishes his Jewish credentials, his training, his zeal, before disclosing the command to the Gentiles. The Roman citizenship protection arrives just in time and will be the legal shield Paul uses through the rest of Acts. It is never discussed before this moment.
For when you tell your own story and the line that costs you everything is not the worst thing you ever did but the most important thing you were ever told to do.
1Men, brethren, and fathers, hear ye my defence which I make now unto you.
2(And when they heard that he spake in the Hebrew tongue to them, they kept the more silence: and he saith,)
3I am verily a man which am a Jew, born in Tarsus, a city in Cilicia, yet brought up in this city at the feet of Gamaliel, and taught according to the perfect manner of the law of the fathers, and was zealous toward God, as ye all are this day.
4And I persecuted this way unto the death, binding and delivering into prisons both men and women.
5As also the high priest doth bear me witness, and all the estate of the elders: from whom also I received letters unto the brethren, and went to Damascus, to bring them which were there bound unto Jerusalem, for to be punished.
6And it came to pass, that, as I made my journey, and was come nigh unto Damascus about noon, suddenly there shone from heaven a great light round about me.
7And I fell unto the ground, and heard a voice saying unto me, Saul, Saul, why persecutest thou me?
8And I answered, Who art thou, Lord? And he said unto me, I am Jesus of Nazareth, whom thou persecutest.
9And they that were with me saw indeed the light, and were afraid; but they heard not the voice of him that spake to me.
10And I said, What shall I do, Lord? And the Lord said unto me, Arise, and go into Damascus; and there it shall be told thee of all things which are appointed for thee to do.
11And when I could not see for the glory of that light, being led by the hand of them that were with me, I came into Damascus.
12And one Ananias, a devout man according to the law, having a good report of all the Jews which dwelt there,
13Came unto me, and stood, and said unto me, Brother Saul, receive thy sight. And the same hour I looked up upon him.
14And he said, The God of our fathers hath chosen thee, that thou shouldest know his will, and see that Just One, and shouldest hear the voice of his mouth.
15For thou shalt be his witness unto all men of what thou hast seen and heard.
16And now why tarriest thou? arise, and be baptized, and wash away thy sins, calling on the name of the Lord.
17And it came to pass, that, when I was come again to Jerusalem, even while I prayed in the temple, I was in a trance;
18And saw him saying unto me, Make haste, and get thee quickly out of Jerusalem: for they will not receive thy testimony concerning me.
19And I said, Lord, they know that I imprisoned and beat in every synagogue them that believed on thee:
20And when the blood of thy martyr Stephen was shed, I also was standing by, and consenting unto his death, and kept the raiment of them that slew him.
21And he said unto me, Depart: for I will send thee far hence unto the Gentiles.
22And they gave him audience unto this word, and then lifted up their voices, and said, Away with such a fellow from the earth: for it is not fit that he should live.
23And as they cried out, and cast off their clothes, and threw dust into the air,
24The chief captain commanded him to be brought into the castle, and bade that he should be examined by scourging; that he might know wherefore they cried so against him.
25And as they bound him with thongs, Paul said unto the centurion that stood by, Is it lawful for you to scourge a man that is a Roman, and uncondemned?
26When the centurion heard that, he went and told the chief captain, saying, Take heed what thou doest: for this man is a Roman.
27Then the chief captain came, and said unto him, Tell me, art thou a Roman? He said, Yea.
28And the chief captain answered, With a great sum obtained I this freedom. And Paul said, But I was free born.
29Then straightway they departed from him which should have examined him: and the chief captain also was afraid, after he knew that he was a Roman, and because he had bound him.
30On the morrow, because he would have known the certainty wherefore he was accused of the Jews, he loosed him from his bands, and commanded the chief priests and all their council to appear, and brought Paul down, and set him before them.