Revelation 17King James Version
A woman sits upon a scarlet coloured beast, full of names of blasphemy, having seven heads and ten horns. She is arrayed in purple and scarlet, decked with gold and precious stones. Upon her forehead a name written, MYSTERY, BABYLON THE GREAT, THE MOTHER OF HARLOTS AND ABOMINATIONS OF THE EARTH.
An angel shows John a great harlot seated on many waters, with whom kings of the earth have committed fornication. She sits on a scarlet beast full of blasphemous names and holds a golden cup full of abominations. Her forehead reads MYSTERY, BABYLON THE GREAT. John sees she is drunk with the blood of the saints and martyrs of Jesus and marvels. The angel explains: the beast was, is not, and will ascend from the abyss. Seven heads are seven mountains and seven kings. Ten horns are ten kings who give power to the beast but will ultimately turn against the harlot and destroy her. She is the great city that reigns over the kings of the earth.
The harlot is a system of corrupting power seductive enough to have made every nation drunk with her wine and brutal enough to be soaked in the blood of those who refused to participate.
14: "These shall make war with the Lamb, and the Lamb shall overcome them: for he is Lord of lords, and King of kings: and they that are with him are called, and chosen, and faithful." Inserted almost as a parenthetical among the political analysis: the war against the Lamb is the final contest, and the outcome is announced before the battle.
John marvels at the woman, a strong word suggesting astonishment or even a kind of horrified admiration. The angel's gentle rebuke, why do you marvel, is followed by an explanation that demystifies her: she is a system with moving parts and a known end. The imagery of the beast that was, is not, and yet is mirrors the description of God who was, is, and is to come, a deliberate dark parody of divine existence.
The great harlot, identified as the great city reigning over the kings of the earth; the scarlet beast carrying her; ten kings who receive power for one hour; the angel interpreting the vision; John, who marvels.
In the first century, the great city sitting on seven hills and reigning over the kings of the earth would have been recognized immediately as Rome. Many ancient cities were described in similar terms, but Rome's seven hills were proverbial and its imperial dominion was the defining reality of the Mediterranean world. The identification does not exhaust the symbol's range, but it grounds it in a historical referent John's readers would not have missed.
For when you are trying to understand how something so corrupt became so powerful and why good people cooperated with it. The harlot's wealth and prestige make her attractive. The wine of her fornication intoxicates nations. The violence underneath is hidden in a golden cup.
1And there came one of the seven angels which had the seven vials, and talked with me, saying unto me, Come hither; I will shew unto thee the judgment of the great whore that sitteth upon many waters:
2With whom the kings of the earth have committed fornication, and the inhabitants of the earth have been made drunk with the wine of her fornication.
3So he carried me away in the spirit into the wilderness: and I saw a woman sit upon a scarlet coloured beast, full of names of blasphemy, having seven heads and ten horns.
4And the woman was arrayed in purple and scarlet colour, and decked with gold and precious stones and pearls, having a golden cup in her hand full of abominations and filthiness of her fornication:
5And upon her forehead was a name written, MYSTERY, BABYLON THE GREAT, THE MOTHER OF HARLOTS AND ABOMINATIONS OF THE EARTH.
6And I saw the woman drunken with the blood of the saints, and with the blood of the martyrs of Jesus: and when I saw her, I wondered with great admiration.
7And the angel said unto me, Wherefore didst thou marvel? I will tell thee the mystery of the woman, and of the beast that carrieth her, which hath the seven heads and ten horns.
8The beast that thou sawest was, and is not; and shall ascend out of the bottomless pit, and go into perdition: and they that dwell on the earth shall wonder, whose names were not written in the book of life from the foundation of the world, when they behold the beast that was, and is not, and yet is.
9And here is the mind which hath wisdom. The seven heads are seven mountains, on which the woman sitteth.
10And there are seven kings: five are fallen, and one is, and the other is not yet come; and when he cometh, he must continue a short space.
11And the beast that was, and is not, even he is the eighth, and is of the seven, and goeth into perdition.
12And the ten horns which thou sawest are ten kings, which have received no kingdom as yet; but receive power as kings one hour with the beast.
13These have one mind, and shall give their power and strength unto the beast.
14These shall make war with the Lamb, and the Lamb shall overcome them: for he is Lord of lords, and King of kings: and they that are with him are called, and chosen, and faithful.
15And he saith unto me, The waters which thou sawest, where the whore sitteth, are peoples, and multitudes, and nations, and tongues.
16And the ten horns which thou sawest upon the beast, these shall hate the whore, and shall make her desolate and naked, and shall eat her flesh, and burn her with fire.
17For God hath put in their hearts to fulfil his will, and to agree, and give their kingdom unto the beast, until the words of God shall be fulfilled.
18And the woman which thou sawest is that great city, which reigneth over the kings of the earth.