Isaiah 51King James Version
Hearken unto me, ye that follow after righteousness, ye that seek the Lord. Look unto the rock whence ye are hewn. Awake, awake, put on strength, O arm of the Lord. The redeemed of the Lord shall return, and come with singing unto Zion.
Look to Abraham and Sarah: God called one man and blessed him. God will comfort Zion, make her wilderness like Eden. God's righteousness will stand forever; his salvation is near. Then a call for God to awake as in the days of Rahab and the Red Sea crossing. The cup of God's wrath that Jerusalem drank will be taken from her hand and given to her oppressors.
The comfort God offers is grounded in what he has already done: one man became a nation; one sea was parted. The exile is not larger than God's prior actions.
verse: "Hearken to me, ye that follow after righteousness, ye that seek the LORD: look unto the rock whence ye are hewn, and to the hole of the pit whence ye are digged", the call to look back at origins is not nostalgia but a theology of continuity.
Babylon's exile, far from Jerusalem and the memory of the Exodus. God calls the exiles to an act of historical imagination: look at a single man, called and blessed from nothing, then at the Red Sea, where God made a road in the chaos waters. The exile is not unprecedented; neither is the rescue.
God, addressing the people three times with hearken unto me. The people called to look at Abraham and Sarah as rock and pit of origin. Rahab as the mythic chaos monster defeated at the Red Sea. Zion, who has drunk the cup of staggering and will have it removed.
The Abraham-and-Sarah origin story (vv. 1-3) establishes the pattern: God worked from one to many before and will do so again. The cup of wrath transferred from Jerusalem to her oppressors (vv. 22-23) is the structural reversal that all of chapters 40-55 is building toward. The image of God's arm awakening echoes the Exodus and sets up chapters 52-53.
For when you feel that your origins are too small to matter. The rock-and-pit image does not spiritualize Abraham and Sarah; it calls them by their actual names, broken and barren, and says God worked from there.
1Hearken to me, ye that follow after righteousness, ye that seek the LORD: look unto the rock whence ye are hewn, and to the hole of the pit whence ye are digged.
2Look unto Abraham your father, and unto Sarah that bare you: for I called him alone, and blessed him, and increased him.
3For the LORD shall comfort Zion: he will comfort all her waste places; and he will make her wilderness like Eden, and her desert like the garden of the LORD; joy and gladness shall be found therein, thanksgiving, and the voice of melody.
4Hearken unto me, my people; and give ear unto me, O my nation: for a law shall proceed from me, and I will make my judgment to rest for a light of the people.
5My righteousness is near; my salvation is gone forth, and mine arms shall judge the people; the isles shall wait upon me, and on mine arm shall they trust.
6Lift up your eyes to the heavens, and look upon the earth beneath: for the heavens shall vanish away like smoke, and the earth shall wax old like a garment, and they that dwell therein shall die in like manner: but my salvation shall be for ever, and my righteousness shall not be abolished.
7Hearken unto me, ye that know righteousness, the people in whose heart is my law; fear ye not the reproach of men, neither be ye afraid of their revilings.
8For the moth shall eat them up like a garment, and the worm shall eat them like wool: but my righteousness shall be for ever, and my salvation from generation to generation.
9Awake, awake, put on strength, O arm of the LORD; awake, as in the ancient days, in the generations of old. Art thou not it that hath cut Rahab, and wounded the dragon?
10Art thou not it which hath dried the sea, the waters of the great deep; that hath made the depths of the sea a way for the ransomed to pass over?
11Therefore the redeemed of the LORD shall return, and come with singing unto Zion; and everlasting joy shall be upon their head: they shall obtain gladness and joy; and sorrow and mourning shall flee away.
12I, even I, am he that comforteth you: who art thou, that thou shouldest be afraid of a man that shall die, and of the son of man which shall be made as grass;
13And forgettest the LORD thy maker, that hath stretched forth the heavens, and laid the foundations of the earth; and hast feared continually every day because of the fury of the oppressor, as if he were ready to destroy? and where is the fury of the oppressor?
14The captive exile hasteneth that he may be loosed, and that he should not die in the pit, nor that his bread should fail.
15But I am the LORD thy God, that divided the sea, whose waves roared: The LORD of hosts is his name.
16And I have put my words in thy mouth, and I have covered thee in the shadow of mine hand, that I may plant the heavens, and lay the foundations of the earth, and say unto Zion, Thou art my people.
17Awake, awake, stand up, O Jerusalem, which hast drunk at the hand of the LORD the cup of his fury; thou hast drunken the dregs of the cup of trembling, and wrung them out.
18There is none to guide her among all the sons whom she hath brought forth; neither is there any that taketh her by the hand of all the sons that she hath brought up.
19These two things are come unto thee; who shall be sorry for thee? desolation, and destruction, and the famine, and the sword: by whom shall I comfort thee?
20Thy sons have fainted, they lie at the head of all the streets, as a wild bull in a net: they are full of the fury of the LORD, the rebuke of thy God.
21Therefore hear now this, thou afflicted, and drunken, but not with wine:
22Thus saith thy Lord the LORD, and thy God that pleadeth the cause of his people, Behold, I have taken out of thine hand the cup of trembling, even the dregs of the cup of my fury; thou shalt no more drink it again:
23But I will put it into the hand of them that afflict thee; which have said to thy soul, Bow down, that we may go over: and thou hast laid thy body as the ground, and as the street, to them that went over.