Genesis 44King James Version
Joseph orders his silver cup hidden in Benjamin's sack. The brothers leave. Joseph's steward catches them on the road and finds the cup. They return to Joseph, terrified. Judah steps forward and offers himself as a slave in Benjamin's place rather than return to his father without him. The speech is one of the most moving in the Hebrew Bible.
Joseph hides his silver cup in Benjamin's sack. After the brothers leave, he sends his steward to catch them and accuse them of theft. They protest their innocence and offer to enslave whoever has it. The cup is found in Benjamin's sack. They return to Joseph. Judah makes a long, eloquent speech: our father's life is bound up in this boy, I promised to bring him back, take me instead. Joseph can no longer hold back.
The test Joseph designs reveals whether his brothers are still the men who sold him, and Judah's offer to substitute himself proves they are not.
34: "For how shall I go up to my father, and the lad be not with me? lest peradventure I see the evil that shall come on my father." Judah is the one who suggested selling Joseph to spare himself the sight of his blood. Now he cannot bear to see his father's grief.
The silver cup is described as a divining cup, used in the ancient Near East to read omens. Joseph's steward describes it as the cup his master drinks from and uses for divination. Whether Joseph actually used it that way or whether the accusation is just a setup is not specified. The brothers' offer to enslave all of them echoes the original crime against Joseph.
Judah, whose speech is the pivot of the story; Benjamin, who did not steal the cup and is chosen as the scapegoat; Joseph, watching and testing; Jacob, present only in Judah's speech but shaping every word of it.
Judah's speech in verses 18 to 34 is one of the great pieces of rhetoric in scripture. He rehearses the entire recent history accurately and honestly, admits his father's grief, and makes a completely selfless offer. The rabbis say this speech caused Joseph to break. It is the proof of transformation that makes reconciliation possible.
For when someone finally takes responsibility for what they did and offers to bear the consequence. Judah does not argue that the cup being found proves nothing. He offers himself. That is the change.
1And he commanded the steward of his house, saying, Fill the men's sacks with food, as much as they can carry, and put every man's money in his sack's mouth.
2And put my cup, the silver cup, in the sack's mouth of the youngest, and his corn money. And he did according to the word that Joseph had spoken.
3As soon as the morning was light, the men were sent away, they and their asses.
4And when they were gone out of the city, and not yet far off, Joseph said unto his steward, Up, follow after the men; and when thou dost overtake them, say unto them, Wherefore have ye rewarded evil for good?
5Is not this it in which my lord drinketh, and whereby indeed he divineth? ye have done evil in so doing.
6And he overtook them, and he spake unto them these same words.
7And they said unto him, Wherefore saith my lord these words? God forbid that thy servants should do according to this thing:
8Behold, the money, which we found in our sacks' mouths, we brought again unto thee out of the land of Canaan: how then should we steal out of thy lord's house silver or gold?
9With whomsoever of thy servants it be found, both let him die, and we also will be my lord's bondmen.
10And he said, Now also let it be according unto your words: he with whom it is found shall be my servant; and ye shall be blameless.
11Then they speedily took down every man his sack to the ground, and opened every man his sack.
12And he searched, and began at the eldest, and left at the youngest: and the cup was found in Benjamin's sack.
13Then they rent their clothes, and laded every man his ass, and returned to the city.
14And Judah and his brethren came to Joseph's house; for he was yet there: and they fell before him on the ground.
15And Joseph said unto them, What deed is this that ye have done? wot ye not that such a man as I can certainly divine?
16And Judah said, What shall we say unto my lord? what shall we speak? or how shall we clear ourselves? God hath found out the iniquity of thy servants: behold, we are my lord's servants, both we, and he also with whom the cup is found.
17And he said, God forbid that I should do so: but the man in whose hand the cup is found, he shall be my servant; and as for you, get you up in peace unto your father.
18Then Judah came near unto him, and said, Oh my lord, let thy servant, I pray thee, speak a word in my lord's ears, and let not thine anger burn against thy servant: for thou art even as Pharaoh.
19My lord asked his servants, saying, Have ye a father, or a brother?
20And we said unto my lord, We have a father, an old man, and a child of his old age, a little one; and his brother is dead, and he alone is left of his mother, and his father loveth him.
21And thou saidst unto thy servants, Bring him down unto me, that I may set mine eyes upon him.
22And we said unto my lord, The lad cannot leave his father: for if he should leave his father, his father would die.
23And thou saidst unto thy servants, Except your youngest brother come down with you, ye shall see my face no more.
24And it came to pass when we came up unto thy servant my father, we told him the words of my lord.
25And our father said, Go again, and buy us a little food.
26And we said, We cannot go down: if our youngest brother be with us, then will we go down: for we may not see the man's face, except our youngest brother be with us.
27And thy servant my father said unto us, Ye know that my wife bare me two sons:
28And the one went out from me, and I said, Surely he is torn in pieces; and I saw him not since:
29And if ye take this also from me, and mischief befall him, ye shall bring down my gray hairs with sorrow to the grave.
30Now therefore when I come to thy servant my father, and the lad be not with us; seeing that his life is bound up in the lad's life;
31It shall come to pass, when he seeth that the lad is not with us, that he will die: and thy servants shall bring down the gray hairs of thy servant our father with sorrow to the grave.
32For thy servant became surety for the lad unto my father, saying, If I bring him not unto thee, then I shall bear the blame to my father for ever.
33Now therefore, I pray thee, let thy servant abide instead of the lad a bondman to my lord; and let the lad go up with his brethren.
34For how shall I go up to my father, and the lad be not with me? lest peradventure I see the evil that shall come on my father.